Attention to the physical development of the city is a basic necessity in urban development programs. In Iran, the rapid physical expansion of cities in the form of unplanned and uneven growth for various reasons, including uncontrolled migration, is one of the main problems of cities, which is a phenomenon called superficial scattering of growth results of this species. The scattering of urban areas and its numerous economic and environmental effects have led urban experts to explore strategies to address this. One of these strategies is smart growth theory. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the indicators of smart urban growth in Sari urban areas. The present research is applied in terms of purpose. The research method is descriptive-analytical due to the nature of the problem under study. In order to analyze the data, in addition to citing documentary and library studies, statistical analysis have been used. Finally, the ranking of each area of Sari in terms of smart growth has been evaluated using the WASPAS model. . The results showed that there is inequality between regions in terms of smart growth indicators. In fact, smart growth indicators in the four regions of Sari have an unbalanced distribution.

In every country, the most fundamental differences are inequality in economic opportunities, nature, language, identity and history. Once these spatial differences are profound and the people of the underdeveloped places become aware about these facts as the reasons of their shares in national participation, they create tensions for the government and hence; the feeling of regionalism becomes stronger against nationalism. Recently, borders are the manifestation of the crisis in the issues related to the national security. In case of striking border differences, national security is being threatened intensely. The importance of borders or border regions necessitates security and in order to create border security, the roles of the ethnic groups there become utmost important.From the ethnic point of view, Iran is a diverse country. Here, the features distinguishing nationalities from one another are concentrated on lingual, religious and ethnic aspects. In Iran, nations are Scattered as minority groups in the border regions and provinces. Five Iranian nations of the border regions and the adjacent countries with common languages took up these grounds for the emergence of the ethnic crisis at the border points. Indices like having official language, local Radio and Television, request to take part in the power-struggle or participation in the local elections mean that different Iranian nations including Azeri, Kurd, Balooch, Turkmen and Arabs have reached to the maximum self- awareness hence; they demand the central government to lay out proper ethnic policies and strategies. Considering their self-awareness, if the government adopts particular policies and lead them towards national participation, their national identities would be strengthened too.

Fuzzy quasi-interpolations help to reduce the complexity of solving a linear system of equations compared with fuzzy interpolations. Almost all fuzzy quasi-interpolations are focused on the form of e f : R → F(R) or e f : F(R) → R. In this paper, we intend to offer a novel fuzzy radial basis function by the concept of source distance. Then, we will construct a fuzzy linear combination of such basis functions in order to introduce a fully fuzzy quasi-interpolation in the form of e f : F(R) → F(R). Also the error estimation of the proposed method is proved in terms of the fully fuzzy modulus of continuity which will be introduced in this paper. Finally some examples have been given to emphasize the acceptable accuracy of our method.

Nowadays, due to the appearance of advanced aerial attack weapons, the usage of modern defence systems such as aerial target recognition systems could play a prominent role in a successful defence. The micromotion of rotating structures of radar targets is used, in many cases, as discriminant feature for their recognition. Possessing a general and accurate database of targets of interest can extremely affect the performance of feature extraction algorithms.Besides, the modeling of radar returns which contain informations about structural properties of the target, provides possibility of controlling the radar parameters and capability of arbitrarily selecting the target specifications. In this paper, the rotational micro-motions of the hovering helicopter main rotor blade tips are modeled as individual features of each helicopter in backScattered pulses with high range resolution ability. Although, the implementation of a pulse as narrow as the pulse used in this paper is not realizable with available technologies, it provides time domain analyzing of blade's micro-motions without taking their radar cross sections into account. In this paper, an algorithm is also designed and presented for estimating the rotational velocity of main rotor blade tips (i.e. v rot) of four helicopter models. When the radar parameters such as pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and time on target (TOT) are improperly allocated, the backScattered pulses are not suitable to be used in the proposed v rot estimation algorithm.Hence, above mentioned radar parameters are also evaluated.

One of the most important issues of the city and urbanization in Iran is the analysis of physical growth and development of the city and urbanization. In this regard, the overall goal of urban planning is to ensure the well-being of the people by creating a better, healthier, more effective and more pleasant environment. Therefore, land suitability analysis for urban development and identification of suitable priority lands for physical development is very urgent. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the physical development of Nikshahr with emphasis on urban spread, to identify the factors affecting the physical development of the city, to recognize the capabilities and limitations of physical development of the city and to provide appropriate solutions for principled and practical planning and the physical development of the city. The methodology of the present study is descriptive-analytical and based on library, documentary and field studies, and Arc GIS software and fuzzy logic method in GIS environment have been used for data analysis. The results indicate that the main natural feature of Nikshahr is the heights, rivers and their sub-branches, which have caused the city to take a linear shape and extend along the southwest to the northeast. On the other hand, the heights in the north and parts of the south of the city and also in an area of the western body of the city have caused the city not to develop and expand in a north-south direction. Finally, it should be noted that the unplanned growth of Nikshahr can cause many problems, and on the contrary, the efforts for vertical and intelligent growth can lead to sustainable development.

Introduction: The use of hand-held portable x-ray units is on the rise in dentistry. X-ray equipment operators are worried about being exposed to radiation-induced risks. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of Scattered radiation around PORT-XII portable dental radiography device.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study radiation dose measurement was carried out at 6 positions around the PORT-XII radiography unit (over, under, right, left, behind and front at a distance of 1 meter from the unit). Dosimetry was carried out by the Geiger-Muller counter. The setting for all the exposures consisted of 60 kVp, 2 mA, and 0.3 s and Primax (class E) films. In the current study 15 patients were evaluated. Study data was compared to the annual maximum permissible dose. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS 18 (a=0.05).Results: The measured backScattered radiation at 6 positions around the PORT-XII unit at a distance of 1 meter far from the equipment was below the annual maximum permissible dose of 50 msv. The backScattered radiation behind the PORT-XII unit was less than other sides and the mean was 0.98 ×10-3 msv, demonstrating a significant difference from other sides (p value <0.001). However, other sides were not significantly different from each other (p value=0.169). The mean of the measured dose was 0.002 msv near the unit and 0.004 mR 1 meter away from the unit.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the measured dose around PORT-XII unit was well below MPD.

Introduction: Villages under 20 households that are active in the field of agriculture and related activities, In terms of the economic, environmental and security are important. Integrated management of rural areas in the field of agriculture and exploitation of natural resources is not possible without considering to this settlements. According to statistics, there are 27,906 villages with population in the country that they constitute 43.2 percent of this prosperous country and has a population of under 100 people. This village Due to lack qualify for the establishment of rural municipality and Islamic rural council, are deprived of the rural municipality institution. Establishment of rural municipality in such settlements due to their characteristics, there are various challenges.